Saturday, August 22, 2020
Decision Paper for System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Choice Paper for System Development - Essay Example They expressed that establishments that hold high development yearnings must incorporate the customary money related organization frameworks with unrivaled agenda limits. Specifically, the new charging framework that Hillside school looks to coordinate holds the essential motivating forces to encourage powerful administration of got assets. It gives obvious measures and rules that that is solid. This paper plates by and large components that characterize the Hillside school money the executives framework with references to its new charging framework. Business Problem â€Å"As-Is†charging framework that the school works, presents huge confusions that blocks the acknowledgment of tenable outcomes. The framework holds second rate information the board systems and control component that influences secrecy in real money organization. For sure, the framework hold constrained potential to drive the school into its development prospect particularly at the time that it tries to extend its enlistment limit. Increment in enrolment will require a powerful framework with restricted holes that may bargain money the executives and responsibility (Shelly and Rosenblatt, 2012). The schools representative head instructor blamed the frameworks inflexibility and expressed that it hold no significance in the contemporary setting where predominant charging foundation is suggested. The framework was planned utilizing Ms word and exceed expectations software’s that gave trouble in the upkeep of records. The school holds a tremendous measure of understudy records that extend from money related, confirmation, class allotment, finance subtleties and creation of solid monetary reports. The â€Å"As-Is†framework prompted serious disarray and duplication of work since it gives second rate motivation that can't encourage successful differentiation of work done. The schools organization is under commitment to direct legitimate records as specified in the rules. They are liable to the partners on the use of assets through clear and organized frameworks. In any case, this was unrealistic sooner or later because of the breaches that the framework gave along these lines provoking the need to coordinate the new framework. So, significant difficulties introduced by the â€Å"As-Is†framework incorporate arrangement of muddled charge assortment process that neglects to encourage straightforwardness. The framework received two communities of expense assortment through different installment plots that incorporate fixed and variable frameworks. These expense assortment frameworks presented the foundation to disarray on money organization (Shelly and Rosenblatt, 2012). Fluidly, it was incorporated with second rate software’s that undermined the unrivaled organization and creation of finance records, money related reports and understudy points of interest. The framework additionally neglected to give prevalent control instrument and handling lim it with regards to valid result. It additionally neglected to guarantee successful harmonization of understudy charge plans particularly for understudies from one family. The chart underneath shows the old system’s expense installment procedures that introduced colossal difficulties in guaranteeing compelling money organization. Procedure chart Variable expense installment Fixed charge installment Fixed charge installment Business Process Improvement Business process improvement involves reconciliation of solid working frameworks and appropriation of best practices that are advancement arranged. Progressing
Friday, August 21, 2020
fall 19 catalog is out!
fall 19 catalog is out! the fall 2019 catalog was released recently, perhaps yesterday, and already ive seen my friends planning out their fall semesters on firehose for lack of better things to do. michael from 2E is part of the dev team at sipb thats working on the new-and-hopefully-improved-but-probably-not-yet courseroad 2.0, successor to blogger danny b.d. 15s courseroad which has many blog posts about it. (use our websites search tool! its not too bad.) courseroad 2.0 was also released recently, and although its in a bit of a rough shape from personally wrangling with it for a little while, itll probably be a better version than the original in the near future. i know for sure that ill be using some of these sites in the next couple days to plan out schedules when i have the time: student.mit.edu/catalog/index.cgi this is the holy grail. heading 2 tier, no question. personally, i think this website is beautiful. there really is something nostalgic about those HTML4-era-looking icons and the verdana font. this website is the bible of all the classes offered at MIT in the fall. personally, ive got the URL memorized. it provides all relevant information about a class and nothing more or less. it is the epitome of what online university class catalogs should be. on the other hand, catalog.mit.edu/subjects/ is absolutely inferior, and is harder to read for lack of icons, and boasts disgustingly modern aesthetics. it also doesnt include info on actual class schedules, so in short is only pretty to look at and honestly doesnt even deserve the heading 4 on wordpress. courseroad.mit.edu/old/ sorry michael, but for now im going to go ahead and say this ones better for now. theres just a couple things that make it confusing to use at the moment to say its better than original courseroad. also, the original courseroad also has a beautiful, nostalgic layout and color scheme to it that courseroad 2 homogenifies. courseroad.mit.edu i was originally going to bump it down to a heading 4, but i think itll just keep getting better so im going to say it deserves the heading 3. i also talked to michael himself for five minutes and was able to learn a lot of non-obvious but necessary/cool features. for example, to change the class year, you click on the year for any semester in your road and a popup appears, where you can tell it your class year. i was initially confused using the app because the default is freshman year, and i thought it was a bug that the road went until 2024. also, you can click and drag classes in right from the requirement list on the left, which is nice and something the original didnt have. tldr: good to great features, UI/UX is a little questionable right now, and also bootstrap is not nostalgic to look at. firehose.guide now i feel bad for all the recent mit grads that just missed firehose when it was released, because this is a really good tool and the one i primarily use. its an indispensable way to quickly see how your schedules will actually turn out on paper so you can debate with yourself for a bit longer whether or not you should not pre-reg that class you really want to take but its got a mandatory section at 9am and youre really not about that. heading 2 tier for sure. three bonus things: i dyed my hair! its light pink. i like it a lot. i did not succeed in the housing lottery to move back to east campus, so im staying at next house next year. this is sad, and maybe i deserve it, but im also happy that im fine with it since i like 2E. watch letterkenny, its a good show. Post Tagged ##firehose #catalog #courseroad #schedule
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Talking on the Phone in Japanese
Even when you start to understand a language better, it is still difficult to use when talking on the phone. You cant use gestures, which can be helpful at times. Also, you cant see the other persons facial expressions or reactions to what you are saying. All of your efforts must be spent listening very carefully to what the other person is saying. Talking on the phone in Japanese might actually be harder than in other languages; since there are some formal phrases used specifically for phone conversations. The Japanese normally talk very politely on the phone unless speaking casually with a friend. Lets learn some common expressions used on the phone. Dont be intimidated by phone calls. Practice makes perfect! Phone Calls in Japan Most public phones (koushuu denwa) take coins (at least a 10 yen coin) and telephone cards. Only specially designated pay phones allow international calls (kokusai denwa). All calls are charged by the minute. Telephone cards can be purchased in almost all convenience stores, kiosks at train stations and vending machines. The cards are sold in 500 yen and 1000 yen units. Telephone cards can be customized. Occasionally companies even them as marketing tools. Some cards are very valuable and cost a fortune. Many people collect telephone cards in the same way postage stamps are collected. Telephone Number A telephone number consists of three parts. For example: (03) 2815-1311. The first part is the area code (03 is Tokyos), and the second and last part are the users number. Each number is usually read separately and the parts are linked with the particle, no. To reduce confusion in telephone numbers, 0 is often pronounced as zero, 4 as yon, 7 as nana and 9 as kyuu. This is because 0, 4, 7 and 9 each have two different pronunciations.The number for directory enquiries (bangou annai) is 104. The most essential telephone phrase is, moshi moshi. It is used when you receive a call and pick up the phone. It is also used when one cant hear the other person well, or to confirm if the other person is still on the line. Although some people say, moshi moshi to answer the phone, hai is used more often in business. If the other person speaks too fast, or you couldnt catch what he/she said, say, Yukkuri onegaishimasu (Please speak slowly) or Mou ichido onegaishimasu (Please say it again). Onegaishimasu is a useful phrase to use when making a request. At the Office Business phone conversations are extremely polite. Yamada-san (o) onegaishimasu. Ã¥ ± ±Ã§â€ °Ã£ •ã‚“ã‚’ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢Could I speak to Mr. Yamada?Moushiwake arimasen ga, tadaima gaishutsu shiteorimasu. 熳ã â€"è ¨ ³Ã£ ‚り㠾㠛んã Å'ã Ÿã 㠄㠾å ¤â€"å‡ ºÃ£ â€"㠦㠊り㠾ã â„¢Im sorry, but hes not here at the moment.Shou shou omachi kudasai. Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£â‚¬â€¦Ã£ Šå ¾â€¦Ã£ ¡Ã£ ã ã •ã „Just a moment, please.Shitsurei desu ga, dochira sama desu ka. Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ §Ã£ ™ã Å'㠩㠡ら㠕㠾㠧㠙㠋Whos calling, please?Nanji goro omodori desu ka. ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£ â€Ã£â€š ã Šæˆ »Ã£â€šÅ 㠧㠙㠋Do you know what time he/she will be back?Chotto wakarimasen. 㠡ょ㠣㠨分㠋り㠾㠛んIm not sure.Mousugu modoru to omoimasu. も㠆㠙ã æˆ »Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ ¨Ã¦â‚¬ 㠄㠾ã â„¢He/she should be back soon.Yuug ata made modorimasen. Ã¥ ¤â€¢Ã¦â€" ¹Ã£ ¾Ã£ §Ã¦Ë† »Ã£â€šÅ 㠾㠛んHe/she wont be back till this evening.Nanika otsutae shimashou ka. ä ½â€¢Ã£ ‹ã Šä ¼ ã ˆã â€"㠾ã â€"ょ㠆㠋Can I take a message?Onegaishimasu. ã Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢Yes, please.Iie, kekkou desu. ã „ã „ã ˆç µ æ §â€¹Ã£ §Ã£ â„¢No, its O.K.O-denwa kudasai to otsutae negaemasu ka. ã Šé› »Ã¨ © ±Ã£ ã 㠕㠄㠨ã Šä ¼ ã ˆé ¡ËœÃ£ ˆã ¾Ã£ ™ã ‹Could you please ask him/her to call me?Mata denwa shimasu to otsutae kudasai. 㠾ã Ÿé› »Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â€"㠾㠙㠨ã Šä ¼ ã ˆã ã ã •ã „Could you please tell him/her Ill call back later? To Somebodys Home Tanaka-san no otaku desu ka. 熰ä ¸ 㠕ん㠮ã Šå ®â€¦Ã£ §Ã£ ™ã ‹Is that Mrs. Tanakas residence?Hai, sou desu. 㠯ã „ã 㠆㠧ã â„¢Yes, it is.Ono desu ga, Yuki-san (wa) irasshaimasu ka. Ã¥ ° 野㠧ã ™ã Å'ゆã 㠕ん㠯ã „ら㠣ã â€"ã‚Æ'㠄㠾㠙㠋This is Ono. Is Yuki there?Yabun osokuni sumimasen. Ã¥ ¤Å"分é …ã 㠫㠙㠿㠾㠛んIm sorry for calling so late.Dengon o onegaishimasu. ä ¼ è ¨â‚¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ Šé ¡ËœÃ£ „ã â€"㠾ã â„¢Can I leave a message?Mata atode denwa shimasu. 㠾ã Ÿå ¾Å'㠧é› »Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â€"㠾ã â„¢Ill call back later. How to Deal With a Misdial Iie chigaimasu. ã „ã „ã ˆé •ã „ã ¾Ã£ â„¢No, you have called the wrong number.Sumimasen. Machigaemashita. 㠙㠿㠾㠛ん éâ€"“é •ã ˆã ¾Ã£ â€"ã ŸIm sorry. I have misdialed.
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Academic Time Management - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 945 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Time Management Essay Did you like this example? With every new experience comes challenges, and anxieties that can be overwhelming if they are not handled and dealt with in a reasonable way. Beginning college is certainly no exception. Stress takes forms, most notably in the academic sense, As exams, papers, and various projects and assignments. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Academic Time Management" essay for you Create order Making the grade is an important aspect of many of college students, and the best way of getting good grades without sacrificing all aspects of a social life is effective time management. Well developed time management skills not only help to organize all the different pieces of a studentrs life it also reduces their levels of stress and anxiety, while allowing them to achieve decent grade point averages. Simply learning and implementing useful time management techniques can help me and anyone through the turbulent transition to college academic life. College life is filled with academic stressors and anxieties that consume most students. Many of the reported causes and time periods during the school semester in which students experienced heighten angst were similar and consistent among their peers. However, freshman and sophomores students had higher reactions to stress than juniors and seniors (Misra, 2000, 1). This variation is caused by the underclassmenrs lack of strong social support networks, and their underdeveloped coping mechanisms needed to deal with college stress due to demanding school work and tasks. Academic stress not only stems from the physical workload of classes, exams, papers, projects, and assignments, but also from psychological factors. Most of the pressure and stress students face is self-imposed. Students perception of the extensive knowledge base required and the perception of an inadequate amount of time to develop it, studying for exams, grade competition, and the large amount of content to master in a small amount of time, are all considered academic stressors (Misra, 2000, 1). Avoiding and not dealing with everyday stressors can lead to work and other situations pilling up and becoming severely overwhelming. Excessive negative stress and anxiety can be detrimental to a studentrs physical and psychological impairment (Misra, 2000, 2). The key to handling stress and class workloads is an effective time management schedule. The concept of time management is explained as behaviors that are believed to aid in productivity and alleviate stress (Misra, 2000, 2). Implementing time management strategies helps to organize the aspects of your life, therefore allowing yourself time to complete all the tasks necessary to reduce your stress level. In completing the tasks in a scheduled and organized fashion a student will also enhance their academic performance and achievement. Time management behaviors consist of starting large assignments well before their due dates, breaking down large assignments into small ones, and completing small tasks on a regular schedule. Other effective tactics include setting goals and priorities, the use of lists and mechanics, an organized workplace, and the perceived control of time (Misra, 2000, 2). Studies conducted on college students have shown that while using these management strategies reduced their levels of stress, females were more apt to respond to them than males (Misra , 2000, 3). The mere feeling of being in control of a stressful situation drastically reduced students anxiety related to that situation. Although controlling stress is an important aspect of the transition to college, being successful is even more significant. Time management has also been linked to overall higher GPAs of college students. Using effective time management skills allots a student significant time in which to complete all their academic tasks. The more study time that is given to a certain class or subject has a positive effect on the grade received for that particular class. Students understand that as they take more classes, they will have to devote the extra time needed to study for those classes. They also understand that the higher GPA that they hope to attain, the more committed they must be to academics. This determination leads them to schedule and organize their complex lives into a system that will allow them to achieve the goals that they have set for themselves. Time management ability was positively associated with quarter GPA. Time management ability was also positively associated with amount of hours scheduled to be in class and amount of study time because better time management ability increased the effectiveness with which time is used(Lahmers, 2000, 3). Studies have found that students spend forty or more hours a week on academic activities, 55 hours per week sleeping, 8 hours eating, and 20 hours involved with leisure activities (Lahmers, 2000, 7). This full-time academic schedule of most college students demonstrates the need and usefulness of time management techniques. It is even more imperative to college students who, on top of their academic workload are juggling a part time job, to implement an organized time management schedule. The most precious resource of a college student is their time and learning to control this commodity is the key to academic success. Starting college is a challenging transition to adapt to and having the opportunity to be able to utilize beneficial time management strategies should be available to all college students. Research shows that these skills can be easily taught, and it has been suggested that topics such as time management be incorporated into freshman orientation programs (Lahmers, 2000, 8). Academic stress is very prevalent throughout many college campuses and is the cause of many students decisions to drop out of universities (Misra, 2000, 4). Time management has been a proven stress reducer, by helping break up and spread out workloads so that students can complete assignments with as little anxiety as possible. Using such organizational techniques also allocates ample amounts of study time for each class improving students GPA. Time management strategies provide an effective guide for working your way through any college experience and are invaluable to every type of university student
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Top Stanford Essay Samples Secrets
Top Stanford Essay Samples Secrets I want to know whether you need to play a set or two. While there are numerous famed events that are simple to come up with, attempt to dig somewhat deeper. Show admissions you may turn passion into action. Adhering to these ideas, you'll certainly tackle the challenge. Stanford Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone Stanford admissions repeatedly emphasizes that there is not any 1 right answer. It wants to get to know you better, and they will be curious as to how you view yourself. Like so many other universities, it wants to get a feel for your commitments outside the classroom as well as in. Unshockingly, given that it is the most difficult university to get into in the country, this supplement is a doozie. Inside my experience, Stanford highly values Thought Leaders in addition to individuals who demonstrate more standard kinds of leadership. Professors from Stanford want to discover who you are and urge to hear your personal voice. If you wish to study at Stanford University, you have to do your very best to compose a worthy paper, which will certainly grab the interest of the committee. To put it simply, you should explain why you want to study at this specific university. Key Pieces of Stanford Essay Samples In terms of films, I prefer horror movies and mental films. The reality is that the absolute most powerful essays are definitely the most authentic. Rather than choosing your favourite book or film, you finally have the freedom to talk about your consumption of any kind of media. You shouldn't write all of your short prompt essays about the exact same thing even in the event you wish to highlight some particular passion or particular personality trait. You might believe that it's strange that I like so various film genres. The essay, to put it differently, paints an extremely excellent picture of our author. The New Fuss About Stanford Essay Samples You would like to try new things. Therefore, like lasagna, let's all accommodate suggestions and flavors, and bakethem with each other to make a wonderful final item. Since you may see, this is my universal treatment for everything. Obviously, understanding how to clean burning oil isn't high on the list of things every 9-year-old should know. Stanford Essay Samples Features Our everyday lives are dominated by rules and restrictions and that's not always a terrible thing. Hope we'll come across much in common. We definitely need to spend some absolutely free nights watching House of Cards. Perhaps you even have a remedy to offer up. Explain why you believe that's the most critical challenge, and in doing so that you'll showcase your thought approach. In the procedure for doing this, you might discover the reply. Your answer needs to be personal and, if at all possible, unexpected. Your responses have to be at least 250 words but should not go beyond the space provided. In case you have any extra questions, please comment below and we are going to provide you with more advice! This is among those open-ended questions which can be answered in lots of ways, it's almost maddening. The majority of these questions are absolutely straightforward and ask you to provide a straight answer. This essay is really strong. In fact, it's possible to successfully take any frequent topic and allow it to be extraordinary. You can select any prompt and cover this issue in your paper. Details of Stanford Essay Samples Show them which you'll be an important addition to any classroom setting. See how they got in, and the way you can too! This has worked for any number of my clientele.
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Truth and Reconciliation Commission free essay sample
In Fiona Ross’s Truth and Reconciliation we get to examine the results of the new government’s attempts at making reconciliations with some of the wrongs that the people of South Africa had endured during apartheid by means of â€Å"truth commissions†vis-a-vis people’s testimonies to the level of personal victimization they had endured. However, not all people chose to portray their involvement (however they want to define it) in apartheid as pure victimization. If one chose to recognize their involvement in apartheid in a more assertive manner, where they were not passively suffering, they were denied the rights to reparations. I find it unjust that only those who played the part required of them for the judicial system were rewarded, but it is also something that makes good sense. How else would the state of Zwelethemba distinguish between those affected by apartheid and those who managed to escape personal detriment? The fact is that if you are seeking to rebuild your future, you must reconstruct your past, at least for a short period of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Truth and Reconciliation Commission or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And that notion is something that the South African Commission tries to validate through supporting personal testimonies. Ross says that the Commission believed that â€Å"speaking of suffering was in some measure cathartic and would give rise to interpersonal and national reconciliation†(pg239). Many women, however, did not want to testify about any sexual violence they may have endured. The case is there, as it is here, that sometimes women are stigmatized as to blame for the sexual abuse they have endured and because of social stigmas attached to sexual violence, the insistence for women to testify should be seen as intrusive and humiliating. Some hurts do not heal and avoidance may be a coping mechanism through which individuals manage past hurts†(pg 241). The Commission probably thought that testimonies would be the most effective method of giving personal and monetary acknowledgment to these individuals, and it’s impossible to say if it isn’t, but bringing up past memories can be more damaging to individuals than simply letting them dissolve.
Friday, April 3, 2020
Gender and Human Rights
Human of Rights Guaranteed by the Constitution and being inalienable since the birth of an individual, human rights still remain on the global agenda (Hessler 2). The concept of a Human of Rights introduced by Foucault in 1950s, and also referred to as humanity is traditionally defined as a â€Å"floating signifier†(Douzinas 4) and is related directly to the idea of human rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The specified definition of the concept, however, is rather loose, as the notion embraces the issues such as the provision of human rights, the basic principles of equality, etc. (Douzinas 5). Gender and Human Rights Connecting the subject matter to gender, one must admit that the concept of the human of rights cannot be applied to women in its entirety yet (Davidson 58). Due to the bigoted laws and the prejudices that persist in the society despite numerous awareness campaigns, women’s rights are infringed on a regular basis due to imperfect laws and the biased regulations. The lack of equality can be observed even in the countries that have progressed significantly in terms of promotion of human rights to all denizens of the population (Cook 39). Defined Right More importantly, the challenges, which women are forced to fight because of the flaws of the current legal system, are predetermined by social prejudices to a considerable extent. Researches show that the â€Å"politics surrounding women’s human rights†(Steans 75) are, in fact, enhanced by the stereotype of women as housewives (Cook 20) and result in women being labeled as unauthorized for â€Å"bodily autonomy and control over sexuality and reproductive choice specifically†(Steans 75). At this point, the issue of a defined right deserves to be mentioned. It is assumed that a right becomes defined once the corresponding law is issu ed, and the required changes are made to the legislation so that the current regulations should promote freedoms to all citizens and that a specific stratum of the population should be provided with equal opportunities. The integration of a defined right into the framework of a particular society, however, is likely to take a significant amount of time. Defined Right and Culture The problem in question can be spotted in gender relations easily. Although it is guaranteed constitutionally that women are entitled to the same set of rights that men are, the latter still enjoy more privileges, especially when the lack of equity between men and women is predetermined by the predominant philosophical principles of the society or its religious postulates.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Particularly, in some states, women are completely deprived of their basic human rights, which clearly is an issue of major concern. The life of Muslim women is a graphic example of the phenomenon in question; although Muslim women are supposed to have the same rights as men do, â€Å"In the name of Islam, women are subjected to cruel and horrible practices†(Ali 2). Even though the basic principles of equity were established quite a while on a global level, women still experience much more social pressure and injustice based on prejudice than men. Hence, the gender issue is yet to be resolved in the contemporary society. To be more exact, women have to be provided with their rights to be equal; these rights concern not only the political choices, such as the right to vote but also the need to be accepted in the society as an equal member thereof. Works Cited Ali, Ayaan Hirshi. The Caged Virgin. London, UK: CBS Company, 2006. Print. Cook, Rebecca J. Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 20 12. Print. Davidson, Judy. â€Å"Sporting Homonationalisms: Sexual Exceptionalism, Queer Privilege, and the 21st Century International Lesbian and Gay Sport Movement.†Sociology of Sport Journal 30.1(2013): 57-83. Print. Douzinas, Costas. â€Å"The Many Faces of Humanitarianism.†Parrhesia 2.1 (2007): 1–28. Print. Hessler, Kristen 2010, Political Legitimacy and Women’s Human Rights. PDF file. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Steans, Jill. â€Å"Body Politics: Gender, Sexuality and Rights.†Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction into International Relations. Ed. Laura J. Sheperd. New York City, New York: Routledge, 2010. 74–84. Print. This essay on Gender and Human Rights was written and submitted by user Leonard Nash to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Sunday, March 8, 2020
An apple is better than an orange Essay Example
An apple is better than an orange Essay Example An apple is better than an orange Essay An apple is better than an orange Essay An apple is better than an orange. Do you know that fruits are the best friends off healthy body? An apple and an orange can help a person to have a healthy lifestyle. Apples and oranges are two delicious fruits. These fruits look the same, but the truth is that they are different. A person can analyze three main aspects to understand why an apple Is better than an orange: health benefits, flavor, and color. These three aspects convert an apple In the best choice for a person. A person s health Is very Important thats why a person should consume an apple dally. An apple Ingestion benefits are many. An apple Is rich In vitamin C. Also an apple contains an element that prevents aging. Eat dally an apple prevents sclerosis. An orange instead only provides a high level of vitamin C but it is not as complete as an apple. The taste of an orange and an apple are completely different. An apple has a sweet taste. While proving an orange can be a sour experience. The apple flavor is lovely, makes that a person wants more than one apple. Maybe a person doses t like an orange s flavor because it is citric. Its flavor can be distasteful for many people. But an apples flavor can be mystical and pleasant for a person. An apple is more colorful than an orange. An apple can be red, green or yellow but these three colors are beautiful. The red color of an apple makes a person can think in love or passion. Also a red apple is a symbol of temptation. While a yellow or green orange is totally common. Green or yellow orange does not attract peoples attention. A beautiful color can attract the attention of anyone. In conclusion an apple and an orange can look the same. Of course both are delicious fruits but these are very different. The healthy benefits that an apple has, an orange has not . An unique apple s flavor, orange never can has. Finally the color that falls In love Just the apples has. For these three reasons Is that apples are better than oranges
Friday, February 21, 2020
Sustainable Business Practice in a Dynamic Global Environment Case Study
Sustainable Business Practice in a Dynamic Global Environment - Case Study Example etting is often understood as the voluntary integration of social, environmental and economic concerns in business operations and stakeholder relations†. There is a link among these factors since they interact when a business carries out its activities. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that mainly focuses on the business’s relationships with social values, responsibilities and the earth that sustains it (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). This concept suggests that businesses are part of the whole meaning that they are supposed to be responsible for their actions rather than just being concerned about generating profits. In other words, they should plough back to the communities in the environment in which they are operating. Businesses must be accountable for their activities and they must also engage in charity activities as a sign of showing goodwill to the disadvantaged members of the community in particular. The other important concept is sustainable development that has a bearing on the sustainability of the organization in its operations. Sustainable development is concerned with utilization of natural resources in such a way that the future generations can also enjoy the same resources (McNeely, 1992). In order for organizations to be in a position to sustain their operations in the long run, there is need to create a fine balance between the needs of the stakeholders and protection of the environment. This goes hand in hand with the concept of eco efficiency which is concerned with utilising ecological resources in an efficient way such that there are no unnecessary wastages recorded. Holistic Risk Management refers to the process of implementing effective measures that are specifically meant to deal with uncertainties that are often encountered by the business in its operations (Josler & Burger, 2005). The other important concept related to corporate sustainability strategies is sustainable innovation. This refers to a process of
Wednesday, February 5, 2020
Boeing negotiation with labor unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Boeing negotiation with labor unions - Essay Example This paper seeks to examine the construct of power disparity in negotiation, within the context of Boeing versus the machinists’ labor union, in the latter’s recent project of building the Boeing 777X plane. In November of 2013, Boeing made an announcement that the company was launching an expansion project, which was to entail construction of its newest line of 777X planes. Being located in Puget Sound, Washington, the State’s legislature accorded Boeing the biggest tax subsidy ever allotted to a company not just in the state, but also nationally. Washington State gave Boeing the grant with the primary intention of making sure that the company did not transfer its operations to another state. The company then offered its workers a deal, which required them to accept reduced retirement benefits, take about sixteen years before reaching the maximum wage level, as opposed to the usual six year period and adopt a contribution savings structure instead of the retirement pension. Boeing required the International Association of Machinists (IAM), which represents machinists, to convince its members to accept this offer or they would not be involved in making the 777X planes, since oper ations would be shifted to another state with more favorable terms. The machinists union first turned down Boeing’s offer and the company consequently began seeking out other states that would be willing to offer more public money, while accepting its offer. At least twenty states responded to Boeing including South Carolina, Missouri and Alabama, all eagerly willing to offer the company lucrative subsidy packages (Gates n.pg). To efficiently address the different challenges posed by power differences in negotiation, it is imperative for one to first comprehend power as basic concept. From the most encompassing and elemental perspective, power refers to the ability of a person or
Monday, January 27, 2020
A Focus On The Superments In Singapore Economics Essay
A Focus On The Superments In Singapore Economics Essay Economics is a social science, that studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, and can be used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze a given market. The question I selected for further investigation through economics is, To what extent do supermarkets in Singapore resemble an oligopoly market structure? THEORY AND MARKET INFORMATION The supermarkets in Singapore are an indispensible part of society. Catering to the needs of all, Supermarkets are said to be the building blocks of the society. The phrases Im going to NTUC and Im at Cold Storage have found a common place within the Singaporean society with over a million people or approximately 25% of the population regularly visiting a supermarket. Despite the numerous supermarkets in Singapore, the market is dominated by four large firms; NTUC FairPrice, Cold Storage, Sheng Siong and Giant. An oligopoly is a market form, in which firms are few and large; the entire market is dominated by a small number of sellers, where the top 4 or 5 sellers control over 40 % of the market share. Based on the fact that the market under examination has the assumed scenario, where the four largest firms control over 40% of the total market share, the market under investigation has been hypothesized to be an oligopoly. There are several factors that are inherent in the structure of an oligopoly. These include assumptions and characteristics such as the following: Barriers to Entry: Most oligopolies have distinct barriers to entry, usually the large-scale production or the strong branding of the dominant firms. Barriers to entry may also be legal restrictions such as patent rights, or collusion among the existing firms to keep new entrants out by cutting prices sharply to make it impossible for the new entrant to be competitive or produce at that price. In the case of the market for supermarkets, there are substantial barriers to entry, which include the size of the plants of the existing firms, import made from abroad and strong brand name of the firms. These act as a barrier to restrict the entry of potentially new firms into the market, further enhancing the position of existing firms in terms of market share Interdependency of Firms and Price Stability: In an oligopoly, firms are said to be interdependent as the outcome of an action of one firm depends on the reaction of the rival firms. As there are just a few firms, each firm needs to take careful notice of each others actions. Interdependence tends to make firms want to collude and so avoid surprises and unexpected outcomes. If they can collude and act as a monopoly, they can maximize their profits. Thus the firms are very interdependent and this is shown by the concept of the kinked demand curve (Figure 1). The kinked demand curve applies the effect of interdependency in respect to the supply, demand and price fluctuations within an Oligopoly market. The kinked demand curve works on the assumption that, in reality, the firm knows only 1 point on the demand curve, the one that it holds at present (A). If the firm were to raise its price, then it would be unlikely that the competitors would raise theirs and so, the firm would lose its demand to the other firms. Thus, demand would be elastic above point A, where the firm is currently operating at, as a small increase in price would lead to a large fall in quantity demanded. However, if the firm were to reduce its prices, it would be likely that the other firms would reduce theirs too. Also, instead of reducing it to the level of the firm, the other firms may lower it even further to make up for the lost sales, by gaining more. Hence, demand would be inelastic below point A, as a decrease in price would lead to a negligible increase in quantity demanded. Hence, it is said in an oligopoly that if a firm were to change its prices, it would be the only loser. This reduces the incentive of the firms to compete by lowering their prices. This helps in maintaining price stability in an oligopoly market. Thus it is unlikely that one supermarket would cut their prices to draw market share away from other competitors. However, firms may gain an advantage by lowering their pr oduction cost per unit (economies of scale) to cut costs to a more competitive level, while still making super-normal profit. Also, being profit-maximizers, the firms operate at MC=MR. But the shape of the MR curve is such that, even if the marginal costs were to increase, it would still equal their marginal revenue and the firms have a range for profit maximizing. Benefits of economies of Scale: Large firms, in an oligopoly, have an advantage of benefits to scale. Larger firms enjoy discounts when buying raw materials in bulk, and borrow capital at lower interest rates. Thus in the Long Run, the firm would reap in the benefits of the economies of scale. An economy of scale is defined as an advantage of increased production where the cost of production or servicing one unit decreases with each additional unit produced or serviced [1] . These more efficient firms would be able to wipe out competitors in the Long Run and may become the lone producer, i.e. the monopolist. In diagram 2, it is clearly evident that a firm is able to sell a larger quantity Q2 at a lower price per unit than producing a lower quantity Q. Non-Price Competition: As firms do not compete in price competition, they engage themselves in non-price competition. In contrast to the homogenous goods of a Perfectly Competitive Market, an oligopolistic producer relies heavily on differentiating its products. Although the products may be substitutes, they have minor differences. Product Differentiation can create a strong foothold for a company and increase their market share. Another way for a company to do this is through branding. This effect can be seen in Apples itouch which has help Apple gain a considerable share of the MP3 market. Advertising also also plays a critical role in the firms market share. In the context of this investigation the effect of product differentiation will be a key area for the collection of data. The factors that are taken into account are membership benefits, location, free samples, amount spent by each firm on advertising and operating hours. These theories presented help structure the basis for testing how the market under investigation conforms to an Oligopoly.
Sunday, January 19, 2020
Winesburg Ohio Critical Analysis Essay -- Critical Analysis
     Written by Sherwood Anderson in 1919, Winesburg, Ohio, a collection of short stories, allows us to enter the alternately complex, lonely, joyful, and strange lives of the inhabitants of the small town of Winesburg, Ohio. While each character finds definition through their role in the community, we are witness to the individual struggle each faces in trying to reconcile their secret life within. A perfect example of two characters are Alice Hindman and Enoch Robinson. The loneliness and illusion that encompass the lives of Alice Hindman and Enoch Robinson are the result of the discrepancy between their own capacity for intimacy and affection and the inability of others to truly understand them.      In the short story, â€Å"Adventure†, Alice Hindman lives a life full of illusions and loneliness. Alice is a very quiet person on the exterior while a passion boils underneath. Alice Hindman is limited by life denying truths and guilty of allowing them to run her life. She believes in love and tradition absolutely. Alice’s blindness to the changing social mores limits her capacity to progress forward in life. She become consumed instead by the idea of herself and her memories. â€Å"It is not going to come to me. I will never find happiness. Why do I tell myself lies?†(Anderson 117). If she cannot have Ned, she will have no other.      This extremity of emotion brings her to downfall. Her tendency to limit her own abilities by her nature of fixed habits or unmovable convictions isolates Alice from her community and distorts her features. She had once been a beautiful girl but grows into a woman with a head too large for her body. This is symbolic of her self-consumption, loneliness, and illusions. â€Å"I am becoming old and queer. If Ned comes he will not want me.†(Anderson 117). She grows to support the theme of life in death, living within her own imagination and memory to the point that her head is nearly expanding under the stress. She denies herself the reality of life by narrowing the experience to a dream world. By making absolute convictions and believing her own lies, Alice refuses to meld her worlds of dream and reality together. For example, Will Hurley, the man who walks her home from Church meetings, is an impostor into her narrowly constructed universe and thus she does no t want to... ...asy life. When a woman invades this life, he cannot compromise the two worlds once again and one must be destroyed. â€Å"Enoch Robinson is so open to the power of the feminine that he feels his own identity would be â€Å"submerged, drowned out†by any intimate relationship with a real woman.â€Å" (Rigsbee 435). Of course, Enoch’s attempts at happiness would be destroyed but the story lies in the story of Enoch’s absolute hold on his particular truths which cannot be maintained. Enoch continued to live a lonely life, full of illusions. â€Å"I’m alone, all alone here. It was warm and friendly in my room but now I’m all alone.†(Anderson 178).      Alice Hindman and Enoch Robinson were two perfect examples of how a person can live a life full of illusions and loneliness. The main cause of their distorted lives was due to the inability of others to truly understand them. For example, Ned and Alice’s friends didn’t understand Alice and Enoch’s wife and art friends didn’t understand them. This caused them to make their own lives interesting, which they did by creating illusions, which also encompassed unwanted loneliness from Alice and Enoch both.     Â
Saturday, January 11, 2020
Analysis of media writing Essay
The two advertisements from ‘The Sunday Times’ are promoting new energy sources from the same company, Shell. The theme running through this campaign is aiming to display to the public how environmentally friendly Shell has become. They use local people from where the energy source is being harvested, in an attempt to create a feeling of commitment to that area. The adverts are not trying to sell a product directly, but through making us more aware of their commitment they are influencing us by giving us a positive choice to buy fuels, oil and other products made by Shell. They tell us that any profits made would then be reinvested into finding new energy sources, therefore implying, if we do not buy Shell products we will contributing to the earth’s downfall, acquiring a guilty conscience. The adverts are aimed at all who use fuel, particularly motor vehicle drivers, homeowners and those who are environmentally conscious. In the ‘wind farm’ advert, there is a symmetrical photograph with an expanse of blue sea and sky, this gives a natural feel and is aesthetically pleasing. Below the blue, is a sandy coloured background to the text, which could have been used to represent the beach. Central to the picture there is a ‘symbolic’ fisherman dressed in a striking yellow outdoor suit holding freshly caught lobsters and he is casting a calming reflection onto the water leading us to the main headline. On the horizon, are two turbines that belong to the wind farm. The turbines are not emphasised and blend into the background very well; this has been achieved by drawing our vision to the fisherman’s brightly coloured attire. The turbines are also symmetrical to the picture, and through showing off the freshly caught lobsters, it is evident that they are unobtrusive and do not cause any harm to the natural habitat either above or below ground. The main headline is inside a black box, which links the picture to the text. It is a subtle grey and the font differs in size. A play on words says that Shell do not just use their own experts but they also take expert advice from other sources, telling the reader that they are a listening and caring company. The words ‘EXPERTS’ and ‘BY SHELL’ are set in a larger font. By linking the words together Shell are representing themselves as having expertise. The statement is also associated with the fisherman in the picture, meaning they listen to people who are directly affected by new projects and know the area. Short, informal paragraphs are used making reading easy, and each one is a statement in its own right. In the first paragraph Shell tell us that they are already a profitable company, and to ‘ensure Shell remains profitable’, they are exploring new energy sources. By using colloquial language in the form of ‘we’re’, the reader is welcomed to the text in a friendly manner and encouraged to read on. Shell is explaining their ‘commitment’ to developing new energy in the second paragraph. Emotive language underlines what kind of company Shell has become, they are not just after quick profits but they are looking for long term ‘sustainable energy’. They are already a ‘partner’ in the Blyth offshore wind project, vocabulary that tells us again that they are a company that can be trusted. Shell expresses the fact that they asked several parties opinions in the siting of the turbines, by the powerful verb ‘sought’. The effect this has on the reader says that they actively made the first move, promoting Shell as very environmentally friendly. They asked the RSPB, English Nature, and ‘particularly’ the local fishermen. This three-part list has two familiar charities to add credibility to their claims, and by using the adjective ‘particularly’, is saying that the local fishermen are the people they cared mostly about. The text also describes the turbines as ‘elegant’, use of this strong adjective suggests that the turbines are aesthetically pleasing, standing amongst the natural habitat of the lobsters and crabs. The fourth paragraph explains how the wind farm is ‘already’ contributing power to the national grid, creating the image that Shell’s new project is ahead of its time. It goes on to say that ‘Wind energy should profit everyone and harm no one’. Rhythmic language explains that the wind farm is a valuable asset to the country, and because Shell consulted experts there will be no negative affect on the environment. The final paragraph is made up of a small sentence, which introduces the company’s website. It also tells us that there are other environmentally friendly projects ongoing. The name of the website uses alliteration, and cleverly puts what Shell is concerned mostly about first. ‘People, planet and profits’. Underneath there is the familiar Shell logo, which is globally recognised and is a natural symbol, repeating the link Shell has with environmental issues. The symmetrical layout of the second advertisement has the same theme as ‘wind farm’, a natural scene which focuses on an individual character. There is also a boxed headline and sandy coloured background to the text. The picture shows a healthy natural landscape underneath blue skies. In the centre of the picture is a tall tree, this leads the eye down to a man studying leaves on a plant, then down to the boxed headline. The word ‘EXPERTS’ protrudes from the headline and is instantly linked to the man in the picture. Four other experts accompany the man; they are also checking the plant growth. The font in the headline, like ‘wind farm’, is a subtle grey colour which changes in size. It is a pun linking ‘RESTORE WHAT’S ABOVE’, to what is in the picture itself, and above ground. The word ‘EXPERTS’ is again highlighted, connecting Shell with expertise. Several similarities can be found in the two texts, short informal paragraphs and the lack of technical jargon does not alienate readers. Shell understates their own expertise in the first sentence by stating that they need help solving some problems, promoting themselves as a modest company. They then state what the story of the advert is about, the removal of trees to accommodate an unavoidable temporary structure. Shell continue to tell us, like in the ‘Wind Farm’ advert, how caring and in touch with the local community they are, by asking botanists for advice on the impact of tree felling. After listening to the specialists, and the structures were removed, Shell did not ‘just’ replant ten saplings for every tree removed, but the new trees provided a new habitat for endangered wild animals. With the use of colloquial language and by using ‘just’ as a strong adverb, the paragraph shows how much Shell have contributed to the developing environment. The fourth paragraph, through repetition, tells us again that they obtained help from other people during the project, and through using the verb ‘ensure’ and the emotive noun ‘destruction’, Shell infer that they are an environmentally friendly company. The advert finishes in the same manner as ‘wind farm’ giving details of how to obtain further information by offering their website. The easily recognisable Shell logo is also located in the bottom right hand corner. I feel the two adverts are presented in a simple manner, informal language makes them easy to read and understand. The photographs focus on individuals, and give a certain amount of empathy to the characters involved. The background scenery is very natural and appealing. Headlines have been cleverly worded causing the reader to stop and think what they are saying. Personally, I think the ‘wind farm’ advert captures the imagination more, although the reason may simply be that they are a little closer to home and the structures are permanent. It is an effective Public Relations exercise that captures the interest of its target audience, establishing Shell as a leading front-runner of environmentally friendly energy producing organisations.
Friday, January 3, 2020
Thursday, December 26, 2019
The Trouble with Accounting Terminology 2019
When I was eight years old, my father, who never completed college, decided to better himself by taking an accounting course at the local community college. He got so frustrated with it, and struggled with it so much that one day he was in his study and he just let out this holler and threw the accounting textbook across the room. Then again, maybe it was Calculus he was taking, not accounting. Whatever. Either way they are both awful and often necessary evils for the college student. I inherited my fathers artistic flair and numerical impairments, and so I too have trouble understanding the world of accounting. Especially their terms. It is, however, ironic how these terms can cross over to us creative folks who cannot crunch numbers or financially map out a corporation to save our lives. Some examples of this are listed below*, sure to get a cringe or a chuckle out of any accounting student. A Misstatement is Inconsequential If a reasonable person would conclude after considering the possibility of further undetected misstatements that the misstatement either individually or when aggregated with other misstatements would clearly be immaterial to the financial statements. If a reasonable person could not reach such a conclusion regarding a particular misstatement, that misstatement is more than inconsequential. .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8:active, .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ubbe00b7ca5dcbda041ab565871915ca8:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ A Master's Degree in Criminal Justice ManagementThis is easy to understand. Basically all it is saying is that if a person lies to you once, chancesare they will lie again. I have had friends and lovers that I can say are representatives of a misstatement that is inconsequential. What does this have to do with accounting? This is everyday social reality, baby. Adjusting Journal Entry An accounting entry made into a subsidiary ledger called the General journal to account for a periods changes, omissions or other financial data required to be reported in the books. While I am not quite sure what this means in accounting, I can tell you that there are a lot of adjusted journal entries in my life. There is plenty of financial data that has been required to be reported into our checkbook balancer and through receipts that I should have, but when it comes right down to it, I dont want my husband to know where I spend some of our money. He would go through the roof and never let me go to Macys again. Marriage has a general journal. There is nowhere that states that we have to actually use it all of the time. .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7:active, .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u659790265e377cba1fb706da409e56d7:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Working Professionals in Iowa Find Convenience at Kaplan UniversityAssertion Explicit or implicit representations by an entitys management that are embodied in financial statement components and for which the auditor obtains and evaluates evidential matter when forming his or her opinion on the entitys financial statements. Again, my husband may form an opinion on our financial statement, but that wont stop me from shopping. He can be as assertive as he wants, that doesnt stop the end of summer sales. Balance Sum of DEBIT entries minus the SUM of CREDIT entries in an ACCOUNT. If positive, the difference is called a DEBIT BALANCE; if negative, a CREDIT BALANCE. In laymans terms, we all have to find our balance in life. Some people owe us big time, and others we are eternally indebted to. You win some, you lose some, and we all just need to be okay with who we are in the end. .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf:active, .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0508b6d6e5cc71c202ba720fd1ed83cf:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ 10 Job Tips for New GradsI dont need to be an accountant to see how these terms still apply to me in my every day life. They cross over just fine. And who says I needed to be a business major to comprehend the terms to todays business professionals? * All accounting definitions come from New York State Society of CPAs. www.nysscpa.org Related ArticlesYou and a Career in AdvertisingPersonal Financial Planning CoursesAccounting Training Can Add Up to a Brighter Future for YouA Career in Accounting Can Really Add UpAfter the Management MBAWhy College Students Fail
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Treatment Of Metastatic Squamous Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Opdivo (nivolumab) Opdivo (nivolumab); Bristol-Myers Squibb; For the treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer, Approved March 2015 WEDNESDAY, March 4, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of Opdivo (nivolumab) has been expanded to include advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the agency said Wednesday in a news release. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, having been diagnosed more than 224,000 times and causing more than 159,000 deaths in 2014, the FDA said. NSCLC is the most common type, affecting seven of eight people with lung cancer. Opdivo inhibits a protein that prevents the immune system from attacking cancer cells, the agency said. The drug is sanctioned for people who have been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Opdivo was clinically compared to another anti-cancer drug, docetaxel, in a study involving more than 270 people with NSCLC. People who received Opdivo lived an average of 3.2 months longer than people given docetaxel, the FDA said. The most common side effects of Opdivo are fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle and bone pain, loss of appetite, cough, nausea and constipation. More severe adverse effects included immune reactions involving healthy organs, including the lungs, colon, liver, kidneys and hormone-producing glands. Opdivo was approved previously to treat advanced melanoma among people who don t respond to other medicines. ( FDA Expands ApprovedShow MoreRelatedAnatomy Carcinoma Of Lung / Skull Metastasis1226 Words  | 5 PagesStudy-Anatomy-Carcinoma of lung w/ skull metastasis Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma represents 30% of all lung carcinomas. A carcinomas is cancer that appears in the epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is mostly found in the lining of your organs, like the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma, or SqCc for short, is known to produce malignant tumours in the brain parenchyma. 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The second major type is the Small-cell lung cancer which includes these cancers; oat cell, intermediate and combined, all of whichRead MoreUnusual Presentation Of Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma2680 Words  | 11 PagesCASE REPORT Unusual presentation of metastatic sebaceous carcinoma and its response to chemotherapy: is genotyping a right answer for guiding chemotherapy in rare tumours? V. Kumar MD* and Y. Xu MD PhD†METASTATIC SEBACEOUS CARCINOMA: PRESENTATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Kumar and Xu Correspondence to: Vivek Kumar, Department of Medicine, 4802 10th Avenue, Floor 3, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219 U.S.A. E-mail: vivkumar@maimonidesmed.org :: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.22.2467Read MoreThe Expression Of Empiric Classic Emt Structural And Mesenchymal Biomarkers1466 Words  | 6 Pagesactivation, and also vascular changes, in matching large and small airways from smoking (current or recently quit) patients with airflow obstruction (CAL). We have previously demonstrated that in large airway biopsies from smokers compared to normal control tissue, epithelial activation, EMT biomarkers and related classic structural changes are highly expressed, and that these changes are greatest in those with COPD [12]. Here we show that small airways from this group of CAL patients also demonstratedRead MoreLung Cancer1571 Words  | 7 PagesLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, according to the World Health Organisation. In the UK, it s the second most-frequently occurring cancer among men (after prostate cancer), accounting for 1 in 7 new cases, and the third most -frequently diagnosed cancer in women (after breast and bowel cancer) accounting for about 1 in 9 new cases. However, numbers have dropped considerably in recent times, by about 16% in the last decade alone. Dr Patrisha Macnair last medically reviewed
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Ancient Lineage, The Yamato Dynasty Essay Example For Students
Ancient Lineage, The Yamato Dynasty Essay The ancient lineage of Japanese Yamato Emperors have ruled with diverse layers of power for centuries. Cultural and social changes affected the political influence and power of the Sun Line dynasty. But, because of the religious aspects of the divine authority of the emperor, the dynasty was manipulated for political legitimacy instead of being totally annihilated. Thus, the dynasty has survived from the legendary Jimmu in 660 to the present day 125th Emperor Akihito. Shinto, the native religion of Japan, defines the emperors authority in Japan. The fundamental document of Shinto is the Kojiki, (Record of Ancient Matters). The Kojiki consists of an account of Japan from its creation to approximately the year A.D. 500, plus additional genealogical data about the imperial family for the next century.# Written in 712 and considered one of Japans earliest remaining works, the Kojiki establishes the Yamato imperial kami as the dominant kami of Japan, which, correspondingly substantiates the royal authority. The kami is a polytheistic host that, on the one hand animistically inhabits nature and, on the other hand, is intimately associated with people and their most basic units of social organization. Amaterasu-Opo-Mi-Kami is the Sun Goddess, the dominant kami of the Yamato royal clan, or uji. Amaterasu founded the imperial line when she sent her grandson down from the heaven to rule the à land of luxuriant rice fields.# An earlier tale in Kojiki tells how Amaterasu was so frightened by the behaviour of her brother Susano-o that she hid in a cave. The world was therefore plunged into darkness and her fellow kami tried desperately to entice her out. As a trick, Amaterasu was told that a rival kami even more powerful than she had arrived. Then a female kami danced a ribald dance outside the cave, and so loud was the merriment that Amaterasus curiosity got the better of her. She peeped cautiously out of the cave. The first things she saw were a precious jewel hanging from a tree, and next to it the face of her new rival. This made her start, and she was grabbed before she had time to realize that what she was actually looking at was her own reflection in a bronze mirror. The mirror and the jewel that had restored light to the world became the first two items in the imperial regalia. The three items in the imperial regalia are objects that were, and still are, the legitimates of kingship: the symbol and guarantee of the eternity of the imperial throne. The third item in the imperial regalia, the sword, is named Kusa-nagi, à grass-mower or à grass-pacifier in the Kojiki. # In the province of Izumo lived a fierce serpent with eight heads and tails. The kami Susano-o resolved to destroy the serpent. He began by getting it drunk on sake and then hewed of its heads and tails. But as he reached the tail portion his blade was turned, and Susano-o discovered a sword hidden there. As it was a very fine sword, he presented it to his sister Amaterasu, and she handed the sacred sword, the mirror and the jewel to her grandson Ninigi when he took possession of the earth. He eventually passed the throne items on to his grandson Jimmu, identified as the first emperor of Japan, to whom traditionally are given the dates of 660 585 BC. The three items were handed down as the symbols of sovereignty from one emperor to the next. The imperial regalia was repeatedly taken into battle to establish royal legitimacy. During the Gempei war (1180-85), the sacred link between the emperor and the crown jewels was of vital importance in determining the righteousness of the causes and interests espoused by the rival sides. A decisive battle between the Taira and Minamoto rival clans took place in the narrow straits of Shimonoseki that divide Honshu from Kyushu at a place called Dan no Ura. The Taira clan took with them the sacred person of the Emperor Antoku, now eight years old. He had with him three items of imperial regalia that proved he was genuine. When it became apparent that the sea battle at Dan no Ura in 1185 was lost, the imperial grandmother took the child emperor in her arms and with the words, This country is a place of sorrow; Ià m taking you to a happy realm called paradise, sank with him beneath the waves.# Little more than a century was to pass before the imperial regalia had a crucial role to play again in determining the legitimacy of the claimants to the throne and swaying the allegiance of their supporters. When his mission to overthrow the shogunate become know in 1331, Emperor Godaigo fled Kyoto with the imperial regalia to Mount Kasagi. Godaigo fled to the mountains again in 1336. As before he took the imperial regalia with him, but this time he had apparently left behind a set of copies of the replicas which were used in the enthronement ceremony arranged for the nominee of the Northern Court, Emperor Komyo. From that time on the Southern Court argued for their legitimacy on the grounds that they had the genuine replicas while the Northern Court had only fake replicas! In 1392, under the good offices of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the two imperial lines were reunited. The last Southern emperor, Go Kameyama (1338-92) returned the regalia to Kyoto at the time of reunification.# T he imperial succession remained with the Northern emperor until the present day. The imperial regalia exemplifies the religious authority and dominance that prevailed with the Yamato line. But, this authority and power were manipulated by outside influence. This outside influence can first be clearly defined with the dominance of Buddhism during the end of the Nara period. The Emperor Shomu abdicated the throne in 749 in favor of his daughter and appeared before the daibatsu and humbly declared himself a servant to the three Buddhist treasures ( the Buddha, the law, and the priesthood). Shomu also founded a national Buddhist center at the Todaiji Temple in Nara and caused branch temples and nunneries to be constructed in the provinces. Shomus great undertaking so taxed the public resources of the Nara court that it was probably the single most important factor in stimulating a decline in national administration over the next century and a half.# HATE CRIME IN AMERICA EssayThe decline of the Kamakura shogunate in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries was caused by many factors. The first factor was two failed attempts by the Mongols to invade Japan in 1274 and 1281. Both invasions took place in northern Kyushu and failed due to typhoons that forced the Mongols back onto their ships, out to open water, and subsequently, after severe losses, back to the continent. Another factor was the emergence in various regions of new warrior bands, organized originally as a military hegemony over the eastern provinces, that were difficult for the shogunate to control. Still another factor was a succession dispute in 1318, when Godaigo (1288-1339), a forceful and headstrong member of the junior Brach, ascended the throne and determined not only to transmit the line of succession exclusively to his own descendants but also to restore the throne to real power.# Godaigos restoration or loyalist movement was successful in 1333 when the forces of both courtiers and samurai overthrew the Kamakura shogunate and gave the emperor the opportunity to rule and reign. But, the Restoration was totally unable to meet the real governing needs of the medieval age and barely lasted three years. The Restoration Regime was overthrown in 1336 by Ashikaga Takauji. After driving Godaigo and his supporters to the mountains of Yoshino in the south, Takauji placed a member of the senior branch of the imperial family on the throne and established a new military administration in Kyoto, known as the Ashikaga, or Muromachi shogunate (1336-1573). The fist half-century is known as the epoch of the Northern and Southern Courts because Godaigo and his successors maintained an opposition Southern Court at Yoshino that challenged the legitimacy of the puppet Northern Court of the Ashikaga in Kyoto. In 1392 the Ashikaga, promising a return of alternate succession, persuaded the Southern emperor (Godaigos grandson) to return to Kyoto and thus brought to an end the great dynastic schism. The Ashikaga never kept their promise of returning to alternate succession and the southern branch of the imperial family slipped into oblivion. Even the northern branch although left in possession of the throne, retained no governing authority whatever, and from this time on the emperorship was little more than a legitimating talisman for the rule of successive military houses. The Muromachi period was the most tumultuous age in Japanese history. During its two and a half centuries, there was almost continuous warfare in one part of the country or another. The third Ashikaga shogun, Yoshimitsu (1358-1408), brought to order much of Japan in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries by skillfully imposing his control over barons and daimyos. But after Yoshimitsus death, the shogun- gate steadily declined: and for its last hundred years or so it was almost completely powerless as a central government. The Onin War (1467-77) was a shogunal succession dispute between the shogun Yoshimasas brother and son.# The country slipped into a century of conflict and disunion known as the age of provincial wars. The Ashikaga shoguns became totally powerless, and the domains of many daimyos were torn sunder either by the internecine warfare or by great peasant uprisings. The imperial family gradually withdrew from participation in all but the most essential courtly functions, and often they found themselves embarrassingly unable even to defray the costs. The coronation of an emperor of the early sixteenth century was postponed for more than twenty years for lack of funds. By mid-sixteenth century, much of Japan had been brought under the control of a new class of sturdy and progressive daimyos. Unification and the establishment of a lasting military hegemony were ultimately carried out by three great chieftains-Oda Nobunaga (1534-82), Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-98), and Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616)-all of whom came from the region between the central provinces and the Kanto# Nobunaga led his armies into Kyoto in 1568 and five year later dissolved the Muromachi shogunate. Upon his assassination in 1582 by one of his generals, another general Hideyoshi assumed control and brought the remainder of Japan under his control. Upon Hideyoshis death in 1598, he left an infant son to succeed him, and a power struggle between two great daimyos ensued. With the victory of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the daimyo at Edo, the Tokugawa shogunate was established and endured until the late nineteenth century. The Meiji Restoration, named after the Emperor Meji (1852-1912) who ascended the throne in 1867 at the age of fifteen, was a political revolution from above carried out by younger enlightened members of Japans ruling samurai class. The shogun capitulated and the restoration was completed by early 1867 with very little loss of blood. The Meji restoration brought modernization and industrialization to Japan. The imperial line of Japan survived due to their religious and political importance. The Yamato dynasty was used to legitimate shoguns political power and controlled by intermarriage, but was never destroyed. Emperor Akihito is a testimony of the imperial lines resiliency.
Monday, December 2, 2019
What Factors Influence Consumer Selection of Wine in Chinese Restaurants Essay Example
What Factors Influence Consumer Selection of Wine in Chinese Restaurants? Essay Confucius once said regarding Chinese Hospitality, â€Å"How happy to have friends from far away. Indeed, based on this remark, one can see that friendship is regarded as a major ingredient of Chinese hospitality. And on the issue of making friends, Zhang Qian (2001) of the Shanghai Star, explained that there are four ways by which Chinese people make friends: giving a rich banquet, writing poems, undergoing suffering together and drinking wine. Now, if drinking one is placed in parallel with banquet, poems, and suffering, this must mean it carries a great value in terms of friendship and hence, on the area of hospitality. Wine consumption, hence, carries with it hedonistic values and social significance. This has been fueled by greater zeal in improving the quality of live of the individual, causing wine consumption to rise in a number of countries. (Dewald 2003) Today, China is the sixth largest wine-producing nation and its influence has reached the United Kingdom as well (Ray 2008). For instance, one of the major wine-making companies in China which is also the largest and longest–established, the Changyu Company, has been exporting its wine to the UK. According to the famous Australian wine-makerLenz Moser and his partner in London, Iain Muggoch of Bibendum, these wines from China blended in the UK market very well. Now, according to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2007), UK is among the smallest wine producers in the whole of Europe. Despite this, UK is the largest in the world in terms of wine import. As a matter of fact, UK is considered the international trading center in wine. Because of this, the industry form the importers to the bottlers just continue to thrive. There are other great developments in the region. For instance, the Wine Industry Report published that Rioja was able to harness research of Wine Intelligence Vinitrac and translated it to sales. (Wine Industry Report 2007.) Its neighbor, Germany, was also reported to have reached its highest wine consumption thus far. (Wine Industry Report 2008) Researchers have been to make market efforts more effective such as that of Drummond and Rule (2005). Even winemaking waste are studied as potential substance to prevent tooth decay. (Harpers 2008) We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Influence Consumer Selection of Wine in Chinese Restaurants? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Influence Consumer Selection of Wine in Chinese Restaurants? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Factors Influence Consumer Selection of Wine in Chinese Restaurants? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Because of these healthy signs, as far as market is concerned, it would just be wise to look at how, in concrete terms, does this affect UK and what better place to start than the Chinese restaurants in its capital city, London. This paper, therefore, aims to determine the factors affecting the consumer selection of wines in Chinese restaurants in London. By determining this, it is hoped that significant insights may be derived from this research which could help further the booming wine economy. nbsp; 1.2 Scope and Limitations nbsp; The study give emphasis on leisure management as it determines the factors that influence consumer selection in Chinese restaurants. The study would be confined to London and only in particular, only to the ten restaurants which would be chosen by random sampling. Therefore, neighboring restaurants outside of London will not be considered in this research. The website London-eating provides a list of all candidate restaurants. The Royal China Club in Belgravia, Kam Fung in Bloomsbury, Yi-Ban in Chilsea, the Amoy New China Diner in Covenant Garden, and Shanghai in Docklands are examples of candidate restaurants which had been considered in the random sampling. Other restaurants, such as the Lotus Room, Mandarin, Tai Pan, An Nam Restaurant, ChiKaYan, Eden, Raw Lasan and Wing Yip, although Chinese were not considered because they were outside London. Furthermore, the results of the survey is limited to lunch and dinner only as no survey was done during breakfast time and snack time. For the purpose of this research, lunch is defined as food and drinks served between 10 AM to 2 PM and dinner is defined as the food and drinks served between 6 PM to 10 PM. nbsp; This study is done by qualitatively examining the existing literature available regarding the wine economy in the United Kingdom, in general. The literature review will proceed by first examining general perspectives on wine selection then examining it from the English and Chinese lenses. The former is important because this is the recipient culture of the study while the latter is significant because it is the original culture. Both these perspectives are important to provide a strong basis of the study. Later on, the survey would be presented to validate and contextualize the study, as well as define its parameters. Analysis of the data derived from the survey in the light of the literature review would provide a holistic study of the topic. From then, suitable recommendations can be made regarding wine industry with emphasis on leisure management in Chinese restaurants. nbsp; Currently there are existing literature that one can find in the Internet which can guide an individual in choosing wine and a number of them have been compiled by Sharon Kapnick (2007) of Time. Examples are those given by the experts such as Robert Parker through the Wine Advocate (2008) and Jancis Robinson (2008) but they are on the expert level. Essentially, there are already given factors in choosing wine as those elaborated by the Consumer Union of US (2008) in their Consumer Report. In a nutshell, it involved consideration of the tastes favored, careful consideration of brand, the time when the wine will be drank, and the pairing of wine with the food. These, however are mere technical considerations and are usually the concern of just the connoisseurs. The interest on this research, however, is only on the general level as not all consumer of wines are as sharp as those who would, out of leisure, read the Parker and Robinson. nbsp; Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature nbsp; 2.1 General Perspective on Choosing Drinks nbsp; There are many interrelating factors affecting the way beverages are chosen. That is why food choice models are an effective way of representing the relationships among these factors. According to Shepherd and Sparks (1994), these factors include physical, social and physiological. The physical factor is determined by geography, technology, economics, and season. The social factor involves religion, social customs, advertising, education and social class. Finally, the physiological factor is determined by heredity, allergy, acceptability and nutritional need. Though there are a number of models like this, they all have common features – identification of cultural and socio-economic factors, individual traits and data such as demography, knowledge, attitude and both extrinsic and intrinsic factors to the product. One such model is that which Khan (1981) developed. nbsp; In Khans model, these three factors are expanded into seven categories. First, familiarity, influence of others and emotional meaning associated with the beverage are classified under personal factors. Second, age, gender and similar physical and psychological factors are classified under biological factor. Third, advertising and variations in seasons are classified under extrinsic factor. Fourth, odor, appearance, texture and flavor are classified under intrinsic factor. Fifth, religious, cultural and regional factors are lumped together. Sixth, educational factors such as education regarding nutrition are treated as another category. Finally, income and the cost of beverage are classified under the socio-economic factor which is the last category. nbsp; For the purpose of this research, however, these models can be simplified into just two factors – extrinsic and intrinsic. However, since we are dealing with not just ordinary wine but with a particular type of wine – the Chinese wine – origin also play and important role, making it the third factor. According to Jacoby et. al.(1977), information regarding a product is conducted by the consumer prior to purchase. Both the intrinsic (e.g., specifications, design, and taste) and extrinsic (e.g., guarantees, price, and brand name) all come into play. In particular, Gabbott asserts that this is practiced by wine consumers. For instance, quality judgment is based on wine style, grape variety, processing method, and alcohol content (which makes up the intrinsic factor) and also price, packaging, brand name and labellings (which makes up the extrinsic factor.) (Lockshin and Rhodus, 1993) nbsp; Like the first two factors discussed, the country of origin has significant influence on the evaluation of consumers when they dont know much about the true quality of the product of country in question. (Elliot Cameron, 1994 ; Huber McCann, 1982). Wall et. al. (1991) went even further to say that more that price and brand, the country of origin is a major consideration in assessing product quality. nbsp; 2.2 Chinese Perspectives on Wine Drinking nbsp; No study on Chinese wine would be complete without an examination of its original context. According to Hrayr Berberoglu (2008), a Professor Emeritus of Hospitality and Tourism Management specializing in Food and Beverage, he would say that most people may be familiar with the indigenous vine species of Vitis amurensis and Vitis thunbergii and yet would have very low capacity on the enjoyment of western-style wine as up to this time, it is poorly, if not at all, understood. In contrast, the young people who live in key cities in China such as Beijing, Shanghai, Canton, and Xian, would really spend money on wine just to be able to experience and experiment different tastes. While a westerner may found the combination of merlot with coke, a Chinese would not. In fact, they may even add a few ice cubes to cool it as they consider wine a novelty and an â€Å"in†alcoholic beverage. nbsp; For about 1000 years now, Chinese have been enjoying alcohol. Yet until now, wine is not regarded as an alcoholic beverage. In fact, they dont have a word for wine. The closes equivalent is â€Å"Chiew†which is actually some distilled or fermented drink that that is harsh, burning, and stinging as opposed to the refined, smooth, fruity, and refreshing liquid people regards as wine. An example of this is a liquor called â€Å"baijiu†which was derived from grapes but is composed of almost pure alcohol. (Reiss 2007) nbsp; According to historical records, grape seeds from Uzbekistan was brought by Gen. Chang Chien in China during the Han Dynasty around 121-136 BC. These seeds were planted in the Xingjian and Xian which was called Shaanxi then. There was also unclear reference in the 7th century AD to wine materials as being imported from the West – Tashkent, in particular. nbsp; Traditionally, the ingredients for Chiew are millet, sorghum and rice. Chiew is served before and after meals in small cups (as opposed to the Western concept of wine glasses) while listening to music. Moreover, it is never consumed alone – it has to be served with food. nbsp; Towards the dawn of the 19th century, the Chang Yu Winery in Yantai was established by Zhang Bi Shi after returning from abroad. Using Welschriesling from Austria, he planted vineyards in China. He even employed the Austrian consul as the winemaker. There was, however, no records on the taste of his wine. nbsp; In an interest to cater to foreigners and the diplomatic community, the French founded the Shang Yi Winery in Beijing. By 1949, however, they closed down all wineries except those which were government operated to increase production at the expense of quality. Fermented cereals, colouring solution, sugar, and water were added to a wine-resembling mixture which was not affordable for those who didnt know anything about wine. Those who did, on the other hand, outrightly rejected it. nbsp; Since the 80s, the Chinese government have encouraged investment in the alcoholic beverage industry. Remy Martin of Cognac fames partnership with the Tianjin Fram Bureau was the first response to this. Later on, the Huadong winery was also established by Hong Kong businessmen in Quingdao (i.e. Tsingtao) and is now managed by a multinational distiller. Other wine companies which sprouted were The Penod-Richard in Beijing which was established in 1987 and the Marco Polo winery in Yantai built in 1990. Aside from these, there was also a winery project called Summer Palace which involved the former Canadian liquor multinational, Seagram. All these used Vitis vinifera. In addition, there were some old vineyards planted by scientists from Russia. They used their own grape varieties – Rkatsiteli, Severnyi and others – and mixed it with Black Hamburg which is famous for its sweet fruit and wines. nbsp; Due to the increasing demand from tourist and the young, as well as the night clubs and Chinese markets, Huadong Winery embarked on the planting of 50 hectares of chardonnay in Shandong. Due to the age of the vines and overproduction, the wines produced were excessively acid, light and needs more body and extract. In addition to this problem, the humidity in China also causes mildew, white rot and oidium diseases, just to name a few. nbsp; Aside from these problems, there was also a marketing problem as average Chinese consumers do not really like grape wines. That is why merlot was being mixed with coke and chardonnay was being mixed with clear soft drinks. Sometimes, even red and white wines are mixed in addition to ice to cool it and soft drinks to produce a sweet taste. What they do like, however, are oxidized alcohol which is the residue of rice win or dry sherry which is a substitute for rice wine in numerous Chinese food recipes. nbsp; nbsp; Presently, China owns approximately 65,000 hectares of vineyards as assessed by Chinas statisticians although most of the fruits harvested was meant to be dried or eaten rather than be used for the purpose of making wine. In fact, only 20% of the grapes harvested was used for this purpose. The 200 wineries in existence in China now try competing with the imported wines from US, Canada, France, Germany and Italy. Right now, Canada seemed to take an advantage as Chinese consumer like their sweet wines and cherish it all the more as its price increases. nbsp; In general, though, the population appears to prefer liquor since it gets them inebriated more quickly despite consumption of small quantities. They consume this usually on social occasions and never as thirst-quenchers like the Europeans. (Balestrini Gamble 2006). Wines from Chardonnay, rkatsiteli, riesling, carbanet suvignon, sauvignon blac, and merlot grapes, however, yield only low to medium alcohol contents. Despite this, manufacturers can deliberately raise alcohol levels to 49% as there is now law regulating this. It is for this reason that some Chinese wines are undrinkable if not almost unacceptable. nbsp; 2.3 UK Perspectives on Wine Drinking nbsp; Historically, UK’s wine connection dates all the way back to the time of the Romans. So far, UK is home to 362 registered vineyards which occupy 923 hectares of land. In 2006 alone, it has produced about 3.3 million bottles or an equivalent of 25,000 hectoliters of wine. During the times of the monasteries (by the time of the Conquest of the Normans), vineyards were already maintained in a number of places of 42 of them are recorded in the Doomsday Book (1085-1086). Wine production at this time was focused along the coastal areas. Due to different causes such as the Black Death, depletion of labor, breaking up of monasteries, climate changes and increase imports of wine from France, the Middle Ages up to the 20th century witness a decline in vineyards. After World War II, however, wine was established once more by post war pioneers. Hambledon vineyard in Hampshire was the first one to be established in 1951. (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 2007) The next 30 years witnessed significant developments in the industry up to the point that researches were even undertaken today for the purpose of furthering the wine industry. Even the hot weather in UK helped further its wine industry in recent years. (Madslien 2003). Among the recent findings in the wine industry are as follows: nbsp; The presentation of study made by Lulie Halstead at LIWSF 2007 which was published by Wine Intelligence (2007), she showed emperically if UK consumers place a bearing on organic, Fairtrade, sustainability and environmental issues when it comes to buying wine. The study showed that when it comes to organic and fair trade, there is a high awareness but doesnt directly result to sales. Her results showed that 64% of her respondents are aware of Organic wines and fair trade wines as opposed to 3% biodynamic wine which, according to one respondent, is not even in his vocabulary. Despite this, only 11% and 9% buy organic and fair trade wines respectively. When asked about the reason for buying organic wine, a majority of the respondents (55%) say that its because pf the ill effects of pesticides and fertilizers for the environment. Forty-four percent (44%) say organic wines support smaller producers while 38% say buying and eating natural products makes them feel good. Only 18% of the resp ondents say that organic wine taste better than other type. nbsp; In a parallel study made by Howard Brian (2007), the UK On-trade presents a great opportunities for the wine market in the eary of investment and distribution. Indeed, visibility plays a vital role in the realization of this opportunity. Yet, according to the study, only 25% of the hotels and resturants sampled have wine lists outside while only half have display bottles. Of all the samples, only two have a feature wine racks in the dining area. Usually, the practice of 70% of the respondents serving in white table cloth dining is to present the wine list together with the food menu. There were even three cases in the white table cloth type of dinning that the visitors would have to request the wine list. nbsp; For casual dinning, the situation is no better. In all the restaurants surveyed, only one has a wine list visible outside. Just like in white table cloth restaurants, only 25% of casual dining restaurants have bottles on display while just half would have wine lists at the table or bar. As practiced in the white table cloth restaurants, wine list are also made a part of standard food menu and this holds true for 45% of the respondents. There was also one case of diners having to request for the wine list. nbsp; In Brian’s assessment of the scenario, he expounded of the value of the wine lists as it deals with both the aspect of range and of value. Unfortunately, he discovered that branded wines have very low visibility as only 50% of the top-20 brands can be seen featured on casual dining lists. Further more, there was a lack of customer-facing marketing strategy such as promotions and positioning of branded wines as benchmark. In fact, of the top twenty brands, only the following brands occurred: Hardy’s – once, Gallo – once, Blossom Hill – once, Wolf Blass – twice, Lindermans – once, Montana – twice, Concha y Toro / Casillero del Diablo – thrice, and Rosemount – once. nbsp; In as much as wine list is important, having it is not enough. Help must also be provided in choosing and exploring wine. In the pitiful number of resturants employing wine lists, less than 25% in white table cloth. Sometimes, wine lists are exaggerated in the sense that over 80 wines are listed while some even go over 200, making it overwhelming and unnecessary support for most guests, especially those whose priority is socializing with guests. The scenario is indeed a lot better in casual dining as 80% of those with wine lists include tasting notes and/or recommendations for food pairing. nbsp; Another important consideration is service which Brian defines as the sum of attention and involvement. He observed, based on his study, that on 23% of the sample brought bottle already opened while 50% of the cases involving casual dinning presented bottle not label first. There was also a good number (i.e. 15%) of cases where the bottles was not presented at all to the person who ordered. Even the satisfaction of customers of the wine was hardly checked (15%) in white table cloth restaurants and not at all in casual restaurants. The same is true regarding the inquiring if a second bottle is required – i.e., only 25% in white table cloth restaurants and not at all in casual restaurants, as well as if giving suggestions for dessert after drink – 15% in white table cloth restaurants and not at all in casual restaurants. nbsp; Overall wine experience what not all that bad, though. Strong points include having good selection of wines at most price points with only low-end as the exception, good selections of wine by glass in most locations which compensates of the long (and often overwhelming lists offered in white table cloth restaurants). A small minority in both sectors also encourage consumers to try new wines. The white table cloth sector was particularly commended in having enthusiastic staff who are committed to the wine offer and know how to match the food with the wine. They were also said to be discrete yet attentive – something that causes dinners to be at ease. Lastly, brands in the casual dining sector also have some visibility. nbsp; There were a number of areas, however, that need to be improved. This include having staff with little or no interest in wine at all. Thus, their training was put to good use in selling food but not in wine offers, wasting opportunity. Either for lack of attention or lack of confident, knowledgeable guidance, help and reassurance was not properly extended. Familiar brands were underutilized as they could have been used chiefly as self-choosing tool. nbsp; Brian also found out that there were numerous examples of serving staff having little or no interest in wine. They also suggest uncertain customers just to have house wines as default, if not decline wine altogether. Only the casual dinning sector made use of familiar brands as a tool for self-choosing. Dinners were also not encouraged nor supported to trade or try new wines in both sectors. Furthermore, wines are very rarely viewed to be as important as food for offer. Majority of the sample also fail to give attention to marketing and promotion of wine. nbsp; Consequently, consumers fall back on self-selection because wine names may be unfamiliar, there is pressure to choose hurriedly to give way to socializing or business, there’s a long or not understandable list of wines in the white table cloth sector and there is a lack of skills and enthusiastic staff to mitigate risk in the case of casual dining. They also perceive an unbalanced high-end pricing with respect to the price of key main dish in the case of the white tablecloth sector. nbsp; 2.4 Market Opportunities nbsp; According to Lulie Halstead (2005), the UK wine market is the largest and most dynamic market for imported wine in the world. It’s worth is estimated to range from 7 to 9 billion pounds. Of all alcoholic drinks consumed, wine share about 30% by value. Furthermore, just the 30% of wine consumers account for three-fourths of the consumption. nbsp; There are about 45 million adults in the United Kingdom and only 14 of them are non-wine drinkers. Of the remaining 31 million, eight million drink wine less than once monthly, 11 million drink wine once to thrice monthly and 12 million drink wine at least weekly accounting for 6%, 19% and 75% of off-trade respectively. nbsp; The growth of the wine industry since the year 1995 is remarkable. For instance, market by volume and value is reported to have roughly doubled from that time. Penetration has increased from mere 60% to 68% while the weight of purchase has increased from 15.3 L/ head to 24 L / head in a span of just eight years since 1995. Despite this, the average cost of a 750 mL bottle is growing only at 2% yearly, failing to respond to inflation in the UK. nbsp; Contrary to popular belief that the young (those who are less than 35 years of age) consume much of the wine today, the Lulie’s study show that they only account for 17% of all the wine consumed. Those in age range 35-65 years old all exceed this value. In fact, survey showed that those who are 35-44 years old account for about 21%, 45-54 years old account for about 22%, 55-64 years old account for about 18% and those who are above 65 years old account for about 23% of wine consumption. nbsp; Richard Halstead (2006) identified the different people groups as far as wine consumption is concerned. The first group is called the adventurous connoisseurs. They are broadsheet readers who have a high income. They have a high frequency of consuming wire which may turn on and off and they have high spending and high involvement with wines. The second group of people is called the mainstream at-homers who are the middle-income professionals living in suburban areas. They also have high involvement and have high frequency of wine intake with average spending. They usually drink their wine at home. The third group of people are called the weekly treaters which is composed mainly of young singletons. They have a moderate wine involvement and have a low frequency of – albeit above average spending on – wine consumption. The fourth type of people is called the sociable bargain-hunters who are described as prosperous empty nesters. They also have high frequency of wine intak e (especially on-trade) but low spending on wines. Their involvement with wines ranges from low to moderate. Finally, we have the frugal conservatives who are the low income TV watchers. They have low frequency wine consumption, low spending on wines, and low wine involvement. nbsp; Richard also highlighted the behavior of regular wine drinkers when it comes to buying of wine. Results indicate that wines are bought in specific types of outlets. According to the survey, most regular wine consumers get their goods from either formal restaurant or casual restaurant (i.e. about 80%). Local pubs (about 75%), wine bars (about 65%) and gastro-pub (about 60%) have the lowest ratings. Moreover, gastro-pubs and local pubs are perceive to sell wines which have poor money value. Incidentally, the price of wine on offer is the leading reason why consumers do not buy wine more often (i.e. according to 44% of the respondents). The other reasons involve the quality of the wine (16%), the range of wine (13%) and the lack of retail (by glass) availability (9%) are the next three reasons. nbsp; In an online survey conducted last April 2006 to over 1,330 individuals who are residents of the UK, over 18 years of age, and who drink wine at least once a month, 72% reported that they drink wine in pubs and bars – a fall from the 76% figure the year before that. If ever they drink wines from these two places, it was only for socializing and done without food. Nineteen percent (19%) of the respondents reported that it was through a birthday, a wedding, or another social celebration. Out of the 34% who drank without a meal, 45% of them drink with friends on a major night out, 21% take wine while they are in a pub or night club, 18% drink with colleagues for business purpose and 6% drink as a form of relaxation. Of the 32% who drink with a meal, 47% drink with a general meal, 35% have a meal with friends and 18% eat with a family or partner. nbsp; The number one reason why people don’t drink in pubs is that they prefer other drinks such as beer and spirits. This has been attested by 40% of the responses. Far second is that they do not go in pubs (19%), they perceive wines in pubs to be too expensive or of poor value (18%), they only drink wine with food (9%), the wines are not properly kept and are of poor quality (5%) and the available selection is poor (3%). nbsp; It was also shown in this study that the propensity to drink wine in pubs and bars decreases with age. Based on the survey, ages 18-24 has 82%; ages 24-34 has 78%; ages 25-54 has 71% and ages 55 and beyond has 67% penetration. Now, regarding the penetration by Wine Intelligence figures, the sociable bargain hunters top the list with 99% followed by the adventurous connoisseurs, weekly treaters, mainstream at-homers and frugal conservatives with 97%, 88%, 87% and 31% respectively. nbsp; It is reported that the most dissatisfied at pubhouses are the higher value consumers who drink wine heavily (i.e., more than twice weekly). They are more involved wine drinkers who are 35-54 years old and either mainstream at-homers and adventutous connoisseurs. In order to have them more often in this places, it is suggested that wines be looked after properly, prices be clearly displayed, price of the wine be reasonable, the brand must be reconizable and the description must be acceptable. Putting all these findings together, the need of consumers must be met by reassuring them in terms of value and quality. nbsp; In conclusion, the survey shows the top ten ways by which consumer would be encouraged to buy more wine: (1) More promotions/special pricing/discounts – 72%; (2) More tasting opportunities for wines which are not familiar – 70%; (3) Wide range of choices for wines that are less than 10 pounds a bottle – 68%; (4) Providing more selections of the type of wines consumers usually drink in their homes – 66%; (5) Bar staff has to have more knowledge about wine – 65%; (6) Better presentation of wine on or behind the bar – 62%; (7) Bar staff having greater zeal in helping customers choose wine – 61%; (8) Providing more famous brands as choices – 55%; (9) Having more wines available by glass – 54% and (10) Having more selection of wines in the 10-15 pounds per bottle price range. nbsp; 2.5 Future Opportunities nbsp; Lulie Halstead (2005) predicted the future trends of wine consumption based on political, economic, social and technological factors. In particular, the consumer model was based on how the 2015 UK government would most likely treat wine, what are the predictable economic influences, what would be the consumer relationship with wine and how would new technology impact the way wine products are both in and out of the country. nbsp; Based on her research, the wine penetration would continue to increase, albeit slightly, to 71% compared to 68% in 2004. This is also predicted to be the highest natural attainable value as 20% of the population claim not to drink alcohol. In terms of consumption, it is predicted that 35 liter per head for those who are above 15 years old would be reached at this time. Again, this is the natural ceiling which is noted to be way less than the 50 liters per heat consumed in southern countries of Europe. nbsp; In terms of population, it is likely that those who are 45 years old or older will consume more than 67% of all wines in the UK while those who are below this age will consume the rest. Purchase behavior will take less precedence to consumption occasion as a driving force in choosing wine. As it is today, price and country of origin would be of greates value in terms of serving as key product choice criteria. In effect, word of mouth, recommendations from third party, as well as label information in the front and the back of the product would also be of significant interest to people. nbsp; Branding is another factor that is important in choosing wine while sales promotion may take on a less important role. It is expected that consumer scepticism of the real value of the offer would increase with the supplier scepticism. In addition, there would also be more occasions to drink wine so there would be growth in the sale of casual wine drinking at home weekly and on-trade drinking occasions as there would be an increase in the selection and trust level of consumers. An increase in health consciousness would also be a factor, causing people to prefer wine over beer and spirits. Diversity and experimentation is also likely to prevail but value will continue to be considered at all price points. As there would be continued disloyalty any particular brand, there would be more producer brands and their increase in market share would increase as well. As there would be a general increase in the supply of quality wine on a global scale, prices are expected to low
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